Williams Prairie State Preserve, Johnson Co.
(by common name)

Explanatory Notes

COMMON NAME
SPECIES
FAMILY
ORIGIN
Rho
Mar
Glen
Sor2
Sor1
COMMENTS/VERIFICATION
ANGIOSPERMS, GYMNOSPERMS, FERNS                  
Trees                  
Box-elder Acer negundo L. Aceraceae Native     X      
Black Oak Quercus velutina Lam. Fagaceae Native X         Found near west fence & on disturbed knoll now suppressed by fire & some cutting, pers. comm. R.S. Rhodes June 1997
Bur Oak Quercus macrocarpa Michx. var. macrocarpa Fagaceae Native X   X   X  
Chinese Mulberry Morus alba L. Moraceae Asia X   X   X  
Cottonwood Populus deltoides Bartram ex Marsh. Salicaceae Native     X     Eliminated by fire & cutting, pers. comm. R.S. Rhodes June 1997
Eastern Red Cedar Juniperus virginiana L. Cupressaceae Native X   X   X  
Green Ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. var. lanceolata (Bork.) Sarg. Oleaceae Native           Found throughout, but most are knocked back to stump sprouts only by cutting & fire, pers. comm. R.S. Rhodes June 1997
Hawthorn Crataegus sp. Rosaceae   X   X   X  
Honey Locust Gleditsia triacanthos L. Fabaceae Native     X   X  
Northern Red Oak Quercus borealis Michx. f. var. maxima (Marsh.) Ashe [= Q. rubra L.] Fagaceae Native     X     Perhaps misidentification of Q. velutina, pers. comm. R.S. Rhodes June 1997
Red Elm, Slippery Elm Ulmus rubra Muhl. Ulmaceae Native           Found 1 young tree near south fence east of gate, pers. comm. R.S. Rhodes June 1997
Wild Black Cherry Prunus serotina Ehrh. Rosaceae Native           Found at south end disturbed knoll (id Jerry Selby), pers. comm. R.S. Rhodes June 1997
Wild Crab Malus ioensis (Wood) Britton [= Pyrus ioensis (Wood) Carruth] Rosaceae Native     X   X  
                   
Shrubs/Vines                  
Annual woolly bean Strophostyles helvula (L.) Elliott Fabaceae Native     X   X Not found in the 1990's except at Grabin Cemetery, pers. comm. R.S. Rhodes June 1997
Black Bindweed Polygonum convolvulus L. Polygonaceae Europe     X   X  
Black Raspberry Rubus occidentalis L. Rosaceae Native   X X   X  
Blackberry Rubus allegheniensis Porter ex Bailey Rosaceae Native X       X  
Carrion Flower Smilax herbacea L. Liliaceae Native     X   X  
Choke Cherry Prunus cf. virginiana L. Rosaceae Native X       X  
Climbing False Buckwheat Polygonum scandens L. Polygonaceae Native     X   X  
Creeping Jenny Convolvulus arvensis L. Convolvulaceae Europe     X      
Elderberry, Common Elder Sambucus canadensis L. Caprifoliaceae Native     X     Found clumps throughout in low areas, pers. comm. R.S. Rhodes June 1997
Gooseberry Ribes sp. Saxifragaceae   X         Found on disturbed knoll & south fence west of knoll, pers. comm. R.S. Rhodes June 1997
Gray Dogwood Cornus foemina P. Miller ssp. racemosa J.S. Wilson [= C. racemosa Lam.] Cornaceae Native   X       Found throughout, very common some years, pers. comm. R.S. Rhodes June 1997
Groundnut Apios americana Medicus Fabaceae Native     X   X  
Hazel Nut Corylus americana Walter Betulaceae Native X       X  
Hedge Bindweed Calystegia sepium (L.) R.Br. [= Convolvulus s.] Convolvulaceae Native/ Eurasia     X   X  
Indigo bush, False-indigo Amorpha fruticosa L. Fabaceae Native     X   X  
Leadplant Amorpha canescens Pursh Fabaceae Native     X     Found one small clone near north end disturbed knoll, pers. comm. R.S. Rhodes June 1997
Meadow Rose Rosa blanda Ait. Rosaceae Native     X   X  
Meadowsweet Spiraea alba Du Roi Rosaceae Native   X X     Found infrequently but throughout, pers. comm. R.S. Rhodes June 1997
Meadow-willow Salix petiolaris J.E. Smith [= S. gracilis var. textoris] Salicaceae Native     X   X  
Multiflora Rose Rosa multiflora Thunb. ex Murray Rosaceae E. Asia X         Found throughout but suppressed by digging, pers. comm. R.S. Rhodes June 1997
Nannyberry Viburnum lentago L. Caprifoliaceae Native X         Found large clone at south end of disturbed knoll along fence and near west fence
New Jersey Tea Ceanothus americanus L. Rhamnaceae Native     X   X  
Poison-Ivy, Poison-oak Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze [= Rhus r.] Anacardiaceae Native   X X     Found several in NW corner, pers. comm. R.S. Rhodes June 1977
Prickly Ash Zanthoxylum americanum P. Miller Rutaceae Native X         One large clone near center north fence & one nearly eliminated clone on south fence near gate, pers. Comm. R.S. Rhodes June 1997
Pussy-willow Salix cf. discolor Muhl. Salicaceae Native X       X  
Red Ozier Dogwood Cornus cf. stolonifera Michx. [= C. sericea L.] Cornaceae Native X       X  
Riverbank Grape, Frost Grape Vitis riparia Michx. Vitaceae Native     X   X  
Rope-dodder Cuscuta glomerata Choisy Convolvulaceae Native X       X  
Rough-leaved Dogwood Cornus drummondii C.A. Meyer [= C. asperifolia misapplied] Cornaceae Native     X   X  
Sandbar Willow Salix exigua Nutt. ssp. interior (Rowlee) Cronq. [= S. interior Rowlee] Salicaceae Native X       X  
Smooth Sumac Rhus glabra L. Anacardiaceae Native     X     Found one clump in lowland to east of disturbed knoll (id R.G. Baker), pers. comm. R.S. Rhodes June 1997
Vetch Vicia americana Muhl. ex Willd. Fabaceae Native     X   X  
Virginia Creeper Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. Vitaceae Native     X   X  
Wild Plum Prunus americana Marsh. Rosaceae Native     X     Found one clone on disturbed knoll; now nearly eliminated by cutting and fire, pers. comm. R.S. Rhodes June 1997
                   
Herbs                  
Alfalfa Medicago sativa L. Fabaceae Siberia     X   X Not found in 1990's, pers. comm. R.S. Rhodes June 1997
Alsike Clover Trifolium hybridum L. Fabaceae Eurasia     X   X  
Alumroot Heuchera richardsonii R. Br. [= H. hispida of Iowa authors] Saxifragaceae Native     X   X  
American Germander Teucrium canadense L. Lamiaceae Native X         Common throughout, pers. comm. R.S. Rhodes June 1997.
Annual Fleabane Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. Asteraceae Native     X   X  
Arrowhead Sagittaria latifolia Willd. Alismataceae Native       X    
Arrowhead Violet Viola sagittata Aiton Violaceae Native     X   X  
Barnyard Grass Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) P. Beauv. Poaceae Eurasia     X   X  
Bastard Toadflax Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt. [= C. richardsiana] Santalaceae Native     X   X  
Big Bluestem Andropogon gerardii Vitman Poaceae Native     X   X  
Bird's Foot Trefoil Lotus corniculatus L. Fabaceae Europe     X   X Not found in 1990's, pers. comm. R.S. Rhodes June 1997
Black Mustard Brassica nigra (L.) Koch Brassicaceae Europe     X   X  
Black Nightshade Solanum americanum P. Miller [= Solanum nigrum misapplied] Solanaceae Native     X   X  
Black Snakeroot Sanicula canadensis L. Apiaceae Native     X   X  
Black-eyed Susan Rudbeckia hirta L. Asteraceae Native   X X   X  
Blazing Star Liatris cf. ligulistylus (A. Nels.) K. Schum. Asteraceae Native X         Found one plant one year near west segment of east fence, pers. comm. R.S. Rhodes June 1997
Blue Flag Iris shrevei Small [= I. virginica L. var. shrevei (Small) E. Anderson] Iridaceae Native     X   X  
Blue Lettuce Lactuca floridana (L.) Gaertner Asteraceae Native     X   X  
Blue Vervain Verbena hastata L. Verbenaceae Native     X   X  
Blue-Eyed Grass Sisyrinchium campestre E. Bickn. Iridaceae Native       X    
Bluejoint Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) P. Beauv. Poaceae Native     X   X  
Bog Hemp Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Sw. Urticaceae Native           Lowland north of disturbed knoll, D. Horton June 1999; possibly introduced by flood of 1993
Bog violet Viola nephrophylla Greene Violaceae Native     X   X  
Boneset Eupatorium perfoliatum L. Asteraceae Native     X   X  
Bottle Gentian, Closed Gentian Gentiana andrewsii Griseb. Gentianaceae Native     X   X  
Bouncing Bet, Soapwort Saponaria officinalis L. Caryophyllaceae Old World     X   X Not found in 1990's except at Grabin Cemetery, pers. comm. R.S. Rhodes June 1997
Bristly Foxtail Setaria verticillata (L.) P.Beauv. Poaceae Old World   X        
Buckhorn Plantain Plantago lanceolata L. Plantaginaceae Eurasia X         Found at edge county gravel road at the gate to the preserve (I am attempting to eliminate by digging the clone shoots as found), pers. comm. R.S. Rhodes June 1997
Bull Thistle Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore Asteraceae Eurasia     X   X  
Bunchflower Melanthium virginicum L. Liliaceae Native     X   X  
Bur-reed Sparganium eurycarpum Engelm. Typhaceae Native     X   X  
Bushy Goldenrod Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt. ex Cass. [= Solidago graminifolia (L.) Salisb.] Asteraceae Native     X   X  
Butterfly Weed Asclepias tuberosa L. ssp. interior Woodson Asclepiadaceae Native     X   X Not found in the 1990's, pers. Comm. R.S. Rhodes June 1997
Canada Anemone Anemone canadensis L. Ranunculaceae Native   X X   X  
Canada Thistle Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. Asteraceae Eurasia X         Found patch on E. fence at corner which points into preserve (being sprayed by TNC) & a plant near center in low area (pulled), pers. comm. R.S. Rhodes June 1997
Canadian Bluegrass Poa compressa L. Poaceae Europe     X   X  
Canadian Wild Rye Elymus candensis L. Poaceae Native     X   X  
Canary Grass Phalaris canariensis L. Poaceae Europe         X  
Carolina Lovegrass Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees Poaceae Native     X   X  
Carpet Spurge Euphorbia maculata L. Euphorbiaceae Native     X   X  
Catnip Nepeta cataria L. Lamiaceae Eurasia     X   X  
Cinnamon Willow-herb Epilobium coloratum Biehler Onagraceae Native X         Common in low areas throughout, pers. comm. R.S. Rhodes June 1997
Clammyweed Polanisia dodecandra (L.) DC. [= P. graveolens Raf.] Capparidaceae Native     X   X  
Clasping Dogbane Apocynum sibiricum Jacq. Apocynaceae Native   X X   X  
Cleavers Galium aparine L. Rubiaceae Native     X   X  
Cocklebur Xanthium strumarium L. Asteraceae New World     X   X  
Common Agalinus Agalinis tenuifolia (M. Vahl) Raf. [= Gerardia t. var. macrophylla] Scrophulariaceae Native     X   X  
Common Cinquefoil Potentilla simplex Michx. Rosaceae Native   X X   X  
Common Dandelion Taraxacum officinale Weber Asteraceae Eurasia     X   X  
Common Evening Primrose Oenothera biennis L. ssp. centralis Munz Onagraceae Native     X   X  
Common Horsetail Equisetum arvense L. Equisetaceae Native   X X   X  
Common Milkweed Asclepias syriaca L. Asclepiadaceae Native   X X      
Common Mountain-Mint Pycnanthemum virginianum (L.) Dur. & Jackson Lamiaceae Native   X X   X  
Common Mullein Verbascum thapsus L. Scrophulariaceae Europe     X   X  
Common Plantain Plantago rugellii Dcne. Plantaginaceae Native     X   X  
Common Ragweed Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. Asteraceae Native     X   X  
Compass Plant Silphium laciniatum L. Asteraceae Native   X X   X  
Cowbane Oxypolis rigidor (L.) Raf. Apiaceae Native     X   X  
Cranesbill Geranium carolinianum L. Geraniaceae Native     X   X  
Cult Rye Secale cereale L. Poaceae Europe   X        
Cultivated Oats Avena sativa L. Poaceae Europe     X   X  
Culver's Root Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw. Scrophulariaceae Native     X   X  
Cup Plant Silphium perfoliatum L. Asteraceae Native     X   X Not found in 1990's, pers. comm. R.S. Rhodes June 1997
Daisy Fleabane Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd. Asteraceae Native   X X   X  
Dark Green Bulrush Scirpus atrovirens Willd. Cyperaceae Native     X   X  
Ditch Stonecrop Penthorum sedoides L. Saxifragaceae Native     X   X  
Dog-fennel Anthemis cotula L. Asteraceae Europe     X   X  
Downy Chess Bromus tectorum L. Poaceae Europe     X   X  
Duckweed Lemna minor L. Lemnaceae Native       X    
Dwarf Snapdragon Chaenorrhinum minus (L.) Lange Scrophulariaceae Europe     X   X  
Eared False foxglove Tomanthera auriculata (Michx.) Raf. [= Agalinis auriculata (Michx.) S.F. Blake] Scrophulariaceae Native X         Appeared after mid-May burn to north of low mesic spot which is north of disturbed knoll
Erect Knotweed Polygonum erectum L. Polygonaceae Native     X   X  
Everlasting Gnaphalium obtusifolium L. Asteraceae Native     X   X  
Fall Witch Grass Leptoloma cognatum (Schultes) Chase Poaceae Native     X      
False Dandelion Krigia biflora (Walt.) Blake Asteraceae Native   X X   X  
Fescue Grass Festuca paradoxa Desv. Poaceae Native     X   X  
Field Milkwort Polygala sanguinea L. Polygalaceae Native     X   X  
Field Thistle Cirsium discolor (Muhl. ex Willd.) Sprengel Asteraceae Native     X   X  
Fireweed Erechtites hieracifolia (L.) Raf. ex DC. Asteraceae Native     X   X  
Flat-topped Aster Aster umbellatus Mill. Asteraceae Native     X   X  
Flowering Spurge Euphorbia corollata L. Euphorbiaceae Native   X X   X  
Fogfruit Phyla lanceolata (Michx.) Greene [= Lippia lanceolata Michx.] Verbenaceae Native     X   X  
Fowl Manna Grass Glyceria striata (Lam.) Hitchc. Poaceae Native     X   X  
Fowl Meadow-grass Poa palustris L. Poaceae Native         X  
Foxglove Penstemon Penstemon digitalis Nutt. Scrophulariaceae Native     X   X  
Fragrant Coneflower Rudbeckia subtomentosa Pursh Asteraceae Native     X   X  
Fringed Loosestrife Lysimachia ciliata L. Primulaceae Native     X   X  
Giant Foxtail Setaria faberi Herrm. Poaceae E. Asia     X   X  
Giant Ragweed Ambrosia trifida L. Asteraceae Native     X   X  
Goat's-beard Tragopogon dubius Scop. Asteraceae Europe     X   X  
Golden Alexanders Zizia aurea (L.) Koch Apiaceae Native     X   X  
Gray-headed Coneflower Ratibida pinnata (Vent.) Barnh. Asteraceae Native     X   X  
Great Lobelia Lobelia siphilitica L. Campanulaceae Native     X   X  
Greater Duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleiden Lemnaceae Native       X    
Green Foxtail Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. Poaceae Alien     X   X  
Ground-Cherry Physalis heterophylla Ness. Solanaceae Native     X   X  
Ground-cherry Physalis longifolia Nutt. Solanaceae Native     X   X  
Ground-Cherry Physalis virginiana Mill. Solanaceae Native     X     Eilers & Roosa (1994) treat P. longifolia as synonymous; however, Voss (1996), Michigan Flora Part III, treats P. longifolia and P. virginana as distinct.
Hairy Aster Aster pilosus Willd. Asteraceae Native     X   X  
Hairy Mountain Mint Pycnanthemum pilosum Nutt. Lamiaceae Native     X   X  
Heath Aster, Frost Weed Aster ericoides L. Asteraceae Native     X      
Hedge Hyssop Gratiola neglecta Torr. Scrophulariaceae Native     X   X  
Hemp, Marijuana Cannabis sativa L. Moraceae Eurasia     X   X  
Hispid Buttercup Ranunculus hispidus Michx. var. caricetorum (Greene) T. Duncan Ranunculaceae Native         X Not included in Eilers & Roosa (1994). Sorensen (1962) recorded this as R. septentionalis var. caricetorum. Gleason & Cronquist (1991) treat it as a variety of R. hispidus.
Hispid Hedge Nettle Stachys tenuifolia Willd. [= S. hispida Pursh.] Lamiaceae Native     X      
Hoary Puccoon Lithospermum canescens (Michx.) Lehm. Boraginaceae Native     X   X  
Hoary Vervain Verbena stricta Vent. Verbenaceae Native     X   X  
Horse Nettle Solanum carolinense L. Solanaceae Native     X   X  
Horseweed, Muletail Conyza canadensis L. Asteraceae Native     X   X  
Indian Grass Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash Poaceae Native     X   X  
Indian-hemp Apocynum cannabinum L. Apocynaceae Native   X X   X  
Interrupted Fern Osmunda claytoniana L. Osmundaceae Native X         Found two clumps on N flank distubed knoll, pers. comm. R.S. Rhodes June 1997
Ironweed Vernonia fasciculata Michx. Asteraceae Native     X   X  
Japanese Brome Bromus japonicus Thunb. ex Murray Poaceae Old World     X   X  
Jimsonweed Datura stramonium L. Solanaceae Alien     X   X  
June Grass Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) Schultes [= K. pyramidata (Lam.) P.Beauv.] Poaceae Native       X    
Kentucky Bluegrass Poa pratensis L. Poaceae Europe     X   X  
Knee Grass Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. Poaceae Native     X   X  
Knotweed Polygonum tenue Michx. Polygonaceae Native     X   X  
Lamb's quarters Chenopodium album L. Chenopodiaceae Europe     X   X  
Little Bluestem Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash [= Andropogon scoparius Michx.] Poaceae Native     X   X  
Loosestrife Lysimachia quadriflora Sims Primulaceae Native     X   X  
Marsh Bellflower Campanula aparinoides Pursh Campanulaceae Native     X   X  
Marsh Fern Thelypteris palustris Schott var. pubescens (Lawson) Fern. [= Dryopteris thelypteris (L.) Gray] Aspleniaceae Native   X X   X  
Marsh Marigold Caltha palustris L. Ranunculaceae Native     X   X  
Marsh Skullcap Scutellaria galericulata L. [= S. epilobiifolia] Lamiaceae Native X         Found at least on and near mesic spot to north of disturbed knoll (inconspicuous; may occur more widely on preserve in lower areas); id by R.G. Baker, pers. comm. R.S. Rhodes June 1997
Marsh Vetchling Lathyrus palustris L. Fabaceae Native     X   X  
Meadow-parsnip Thaspium barbinodes (Michx.) Nutt. Apiaceae Native     X      
Michigan Lily Lilium michiganense Farw. Liliaceae Native     X   X  
Monkey-flower Mimulus ringens L. Scrophulariaceae Native X         Common in low areas throughout, pers. comm. R.S. Rhodes June 1997
Musk Thistle Carduus nutans L. Asteraceae Europe X         Two plants found & pulled near center in low area, pers. comm. R.S. Rhodes June 1997
New England Aster Aster novae-angliae L. Asteraceae Native     X   X  
Nodding Bur-marigold Bidens cernua L. Asteraceae Native     X   X  
Norwegian Cinquefoil Potentilla norvegica L. [= P. monspeliensis Rom.] Rosaceae Native     X   X  
Orchard Grass Dactylis glomerata L. Poaceae Europe     X   X  
Ox-eye Daisy Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. [= Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L.] Asteraceae Eurasia     X   X  
Ozark Tickseed-sunflower Bidens cf. polylepis S.F. Blake Asteraceae Native X         Found in lowland to east of distubed knoll, pers. comm. R.S. Rhodes June 1997
Pale Beardtongue Penstemon pallidus Small Scrophulariaceae Native   X        
Pale Dock Rumex altissimus Wood Polygonaceae Native   X X   X  
Panic Grass Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & Clark var. implicatum (Scribner) Gould & Clark [= Panicum lanuginosum Elliott var. implicatum (Scribn.) Fern.] Poaceae Native     X   X  
Panic Grass Dichanthelium oligosanthes (Schultes) Gould [= Panicum oligosanthes Schultes; P. scribnerianum] Poaceae Native   X X      
Panicled Aster Aster lanceolatus Willd. [A. simplex misapplied] Asteraceae Native     X   X  
Partridge-pea Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michx.) Greene [= Cassia fasiculata] Fabaceae Native     X   X  
Path Rush Juncus tenuis Willd. Juncaceae Native   X X   X  
Pellitory Parietaria pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd. Urticaceae Native     X   X  
Peppergrass Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. Brassicaceae Native     X   X  
Perfoliate Horse-gentian Triosteum perfoliatum L. Caprifoliaceae Native     X   X  
Pigweed Amaranthus retroflexus L. Amaranthaceae Trop. Am.     X   X  
Pineapple Weed Matricaria matricarioides (Less.) Porter Asteraceae N.Am.,not IA     X   X  
Pinkweed Polygonum pensylvanicum L. var. laevigatum Fern. Polygonaceae Native     X   X  
Plains Blazing Star Liatris cf. squarrosa (L.) Michx. Asteraceae Native X         Found 2 large & 1 small plants two years in lowland east of east fence, pers. comm. R.S. Rhodes June 1997
Poor-man's pepper Lepidium virginicum L. Brassicaceae Native     X   X  
Porcupine Grass Stipa spartea Trin. Poaceae Native     X   X Not found in 1990's except at Grabin Cemetery, pers. comm. R.S. Rhodes June 1997
Prairie Blazing Star Liatris pycnostachya Michx. Asteraceae Native     X   X  
Prairie Coneflower Echinacea pallida Nutt. Asteraceae Native     X   X Not found in 1990's, pers. comm. R.S. Rhodes June 1997
Prairie Phlox Phlox pilosa L. Polemoniaceae Native   X X   X  
Prairie Plantain Cacalia plantaginea (Raf.) Shinners [= C. tuberosa Nutt.] Asteraceae Native     X   X  
Prairie Ragwort Senecio plattensis Nutt. Asteraceae Native     X   X  
Prairie Violet Viola pedatifida G. Don Violaceae Native     X   X Not found in 1990's, pers. comm. R.S. Rhodes June 1997
Prairie Violet Hybrid Viola pedatifida G. Don X V. nephrophylla Greene Violaceae Native         X  
Prickly Lettuce Lactuca serriola L. [= L. scariola] Asteraceae Europe     X   X  
Purple Lovegrass Eragrostis spectabilis (Pursh) Steudel Poaceae Native     X      
Purple Meadow-rue Thalictrum dasycarpum Fischer & Ave-Lall. Ranunculaceae Native   X X   X  
Purple Prairie Clover Dalea purpurea Vent. [= Petalostemon purpureum] Fabaceae Native   X        
Purslane Speedwell Veronica peregrina L. Scrophulariaceae Native     X   X  
Pussytoes Antennaria neglecta Greene Asteraceae Native     X   X  
Quack Grass Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. Poaceae Eurasia     X   X  
Rattlesnake Master Eryngium yuccifolium Michx. Apiaceae Native   X X   X  
Red Clover Trifolium pratense L. Fabaceae Europe     X   X  
Red Sorrel Rumex acetosella L. Polygonaceae Eurasia   X X   X  
Red-seeded Dandelion Taraxacum laevigatum (Willd.) DC. [= Taraxacum erythrospermum Andrz.] Asteraceae Eurasia     X   X  
Redtop Agrostis gigantea Roth. [= Agrostis alba misapplied] Poaceae Europe     X   X  
Reed Canary Grass Phalaris arundinacea L. Poaceae Native     X      
Rice Cut Grass Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw. Poaceae Native     X   X  
Rockrose Helianthemum bicknellii Fern. Cistaceae Native     X   X  
Rosinweed Silphium integrifolium Michx. Asteraceae Native     X   X  
Round-headed Bush Clover Lespedeza capitata Michx. Fabaceae Native     X   X  
Rush Juncus dudleyi Wieg. Juncaceae Native     X   X  
Sand Dropseed Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) A. Gray Poaceae Native     X   X  
Sandbur Cenchrus longispinus (Hackel) Fern. [= C. pauciflorus] Poaceae Native     X   X  
Sawtooth Sunflower Helianthus grosseserratus Martens Asteraceae Native     X   X  
Sedge Carex brevior (Dewey) Mack. ex Lunell Cyperaceae Native     X   X  
Sedge Carex buxbaumii Wahl. Cyperaceae Native     X   X  
Sedge Carex conoidea Schk. ex Willd. Cyperaceae Native     X   X  
Sedge Carex crawei Dewey Cyperaceae Native       X    
Sedge Carex haydenii Dew. Cyperaceae Native     X   X  
Sedge Carex meadii Dewey Cyperaceae Native     X   X  
Sedge Carex prairea Dewey Cyperaceae Native     X   X  
Sedge Carex sartwellii Dew. Cyperaceae Native     X   X  
Sedge Carex scoparia Schkuhr ex. Willd. Cyperaceae Native     X   X  
Sedge Carex stricta Lam. Cyperaceae Native     X   X  
Sedge Carex vulpinoidea Michx. Cyperaceae Native     X   X  
Sedge Carex annectens (Bickn.) Bickn. var. xanthocarpa (Bickn.) Wieg. Cyperaceae Native     X   X  
Seedbox Ludwigia alternifolia L. Onagraceae Native     X   X  
Self Heal Prunella vulgaris L. Lamiaceae Europe     X   X  
Sensitive Fern Onoclea sensibilis L. Aspleniaceae Native     X   X  
Sheepfescue Festuca ovina L. Poaceae Native   X       Eilers & Roosa (1994) treat this species as native; however, their concept probably includes F. filiformis (European), F. brachyphylla (native), F. ovina (European) and F. trachyphylla (European). See Gleason & Cronquist (1991) Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada.
Shepherd's Purse Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic. Brassicaceae S. Europe     X   X  
Shooting Star Dodecatheon meadia L. Primulaceae Native     X   X  
Showy Orchis Galearis spectabilis (L.) Raf. [= Orchis spectabilis L.] Orchidaceae Native X         At least one plant found near center W. side near fence, pers. comm. R.S. Rhodes June 1997
Showy Tick-Trefoil Desmodium canadense (L.) DC. Fabaceae Native     X   X  
Skullcap Scutellaria leonardii Epling Lamiaceae Native   X        
Sleepy Catchfly Silene antirrhina L. Caryophyllaceae Native     X   X  
Slender Mountain-Mint Pycnanthemum tenuifolium Schrader Lamiaceae Native     X   X  
Slender Sedge Carex lasiocarpa Ehrh. var. americana Fern. Cyperaceae Native     X   X  
Slough Grass Spartina pectinata Link Poaceae Native     X   X  
Small-flowered Crowfoot Ranunculus abortivus L. Ranunculaceae Native     X   X  
Smooth Brome Bromus inermis Leysser Poaceae Europe   X X   X  
Smooth Crab Grass Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb. ex Schweigger) Schreber ex Muhl. Poaceae Eurasia     X   X  
Smooth Goldenrod Solidago gigantea Aiton. Asteraceae Native     X   X  
Smooth Spiderwort Tradescantia ohiensis Raf. Commelinaceae Native   X X   X  
Sneezeweed Helenium autumnale L. Asteraceae Native     X   X  
Soft-stemmed Bulrush Scirpus validus Vahl. var. creber Fern. Cyperaceae Native     X   X  
Solomon's Seal Polygonatum biflorum (Walter) Elliott [= P. canaliculatum misapplied] Liliaceae Native       X    
Sour Dock Rumex crispus L. Polygonaceae Europe   X X   X  
Spiked Lobelia Lobelia spicata Lam. Campanulaceae Native     X   X  
Spike-rush Eleocharis compressa Sullivant Cyperaceae Native     X   X  
Spotted Joe-pye-weed Eupatorium cf. maculatum L. Asteraceae Native X         Found throughout in low areas, pers. comm. R.S. Rhodes June 1997
Spotted St. John's wort Hypericum sphaerocarpum Michx. Hypericaceae Native     X   X  
Spring Cress Cardamine bulbosa (Schreb.) BSP. Brassicaceae Native     X   X  
Squirreltail Barley Hordeum jubatum L. Poaceae Native     X   X  
St. John's-wort Hypericum majus (Gray.) Britt. Hypericaceae Native     X   X  
Stiff Goldenrod Solidago rigida L. Asteraceae Native     X   X Not found in 1990's, pers. comm. R.S. Rhodes June 1997
Stink-grass Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Link ex E. Mosher Poaceae Europe     X   X  
Stitchwort Stellaria longifolia Muhl. ex. Willd. Caryophyllaceae Native     X      
Sulfur Cinquefoil Potentilla recta L. Rosaceae Europe     X   X  
Swamp Buttercup Ranunculus septentrionalis Poiret [= R. hispidus Michx. var. nitidus (Elliott) T. Duncan] Ranunculaceae Native     X   X  
Swamp Lousewort Pedicularis lanceolata Michx. Scrophulariaceae Native     X   X  
Swamp Milkweed Asclepias incarnata L. Asclepiadaceae Native     X   X  
Swamp Saxifrage Saxifraga pensylvanica L. Saxifragaceae Native   X X   X  
Switchgrass Panicum virgatum L. Poaceae Native     X   X  
Tall Anemone Anemone virginiana L. Ranunculaceae Native     X   X  
Tall Beggar-ticks Bidens vulgata Greene Asteraceae Native     X   X  
Tall Cotton-grass Eriophorum angustifolium Honck. [= E. polystachion L.] Cyperaceae Native       X    
Tall Goldenrod Solidago canadensis L. Asteraceae Native     X      
Tall Green Milkweed Asclepias hirtella (Pennell) Woodson [= Acerates floridana of Iowa authors] Asclepiadaceae Native     X   X  
Tall Nut Rush Scleria triglomerata Michx. Cyperaceae Native       X    
Tall or Alta-fescue Festuca elatior L. Poaceae Europe     X   X Eilers & Roosa (1994) treat this species as a nomen confusum synonymous with F. pratensis. However, Gleason & Cronquist (1991) treat F. elatior and F. pratensis as distinct species, but indicate the name F. elatior has been misapplied to F. pratensis.
Tall Potentilla Potentilla arguta Pursh Rosaceae Native     X   X  
Tall Thistle Cirsium altissimum (L.) Spreng. Asteraceae Native     X      
Tearthumb Polygonum sagittatum L. Polygonaceae Native     X   X  
Ticklegrass Agrostis hyemalis (Walt.) BSP Poaceae Native     X   X  
Timothy Phleum pratense L. Poaceae Europe   X X   X  
Toothed Sage Artemisia serrata Nutt. Asteraceae Native       X    
Tube Beardtongue Penstemon tubaeflorus Nutt. Scrophulariaceae Native     X      
Umbrella-sedge Cyperus schweinitzii Torr. Cyperaceae Native     X      
Venus' Looking Glass Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl. [= Specularia perfoliata] Campanulaceae Native     X   X  
Violet Wood Sorrel Oxalis violacea L. Oxalidaceae Native     X   X  
Virginia Wild Rye Elymus virginicus L. Poaceae Native     X   X  
Water Horehound Lycopus americanus Muhl. ex Barton Lamiaceae Native     X   X  
Water Parsnip Sium suave Walter Apiaceae Native X         Found infrequently in low areas throughout, pers. comm. R.S. Rhodes June 1997
Water Smartweed Polygonum punctatum Ell. Polygonaceae Native     X   X  
Water-hemlock Cicuta maculata L. Apiaceae Native     X   X  
Water-plantain Alisma plantago-aquatica L. [= A. subcordatum Raf.] Alismataceae Native     X   X  
Weak St. John's-wort Hypericum mutilum L. Hypericaceae Native     X   X  
Wedge Grass Sphenopholus obtusata (Michx.) Scribn. Poaceae Native     X X    
Western Sagewort Artemesia campestris L. ssp. caudata (Michx.) Hall & Clem. [= A. caudata Michx.] Asteraceae Native     X   X  
Western Wheatgrass Agropyron smithii Rydb. Poaceae Native       X   "Probably arose through chromosome doubling following hybridization between A. dasystachyum and Elymus triticoides" cf. Flora of the Great Plains (1986).
Western Yarrow Achillea millefolium L. Asteraceae Native   X X   X  
White Campion Silene pratensis (Rafn.) Gren. & Godron [= S. latifolia Poiret; Lychnis alba Mill.] Caryophyllaceae Europe     X   X  
White Clover Trifolium repens L. Fabaceae Eurasia     X   X  
White Prairie Clover Dalea candida Willd. [=Petalostemon candidum] Fabaceae Native   X        
White Sage Artemesia ludoviciana Nutt. Asteraceae Native     X      
White Sweet Clover Melilotus alba Medicus Fabaceae Eurasia     X   X  
White Vervain Verbena urticifolia L. Verbenaceae Native     X   X  
White Wild Indigo Baptisia lactea (Raf.) Thieret [= B. leucantha T. & G.] Fabaceae Native     X   X  
Whorled Milkweed Asclepias verticillata L. Asclepiadaceae Native   X X   X  
Whorled Milkweed Polygala verticillata L. Polygalaceae Native     X     Rhodes & Felder 2001
Wild Bergamot Monarda fistulosa L. Lamiaceae Native     X   X  
Wild Four-o'clock Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) MacMillan Nyctaginaceae Native     X   X  
Wild Geranium Geranium maculatum L. Geraniaceae Native     X   X  
Wild Lettuce Lactuca canadensis L. Asteraceae Native     X   X  
Wild Madder Galium obtusum Bigel. Rubiaceae Native     X   X  
Wild Mint Mentha arvensis L. Lamiaceae Native X         Very common in low areas throughout, pers. comm. R.S. Rhodes June 1997
Wild Parsnip Pastinaca sativa L. Apiaceae Eurasia   X X   X  
Wild Petunia Ruellia humilis Nutt. Acanthaceae Native     X   X Not found in 1990's except at Grabin Cemetery, pers. comm. R.S. Rhodes June 1997
Wild Rice Zizania aquatica L. Poaceae Native       X   A single plant, no voucher taken.
Wild Strawberry Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Rosaceae Native   X X   X  
Wild Sweet William Phlox maculata L. Polemoniaceae Native   X X   X  
Wild Tomato, Water-pod Ellisia nyctelea L. Hydrophyllaceae Native     X   X  
Winged Loosestrife Lythrum alatum Pursh Lythraceae Native     X   X  
Wirestem Muhly Muhlenbergia frondosa (Poir.) Fern. Poaceae Native     X      
Witch Grass Panicum capillare L. Poaceae Native     X   X  
Woundwort Stachys palustris L. Lamiaceae Native   X   X    
Wrinkle-leaved Goldenrod Solidago rugosa Miller Asteraceae Native         X Not included in Eilers & Roosa (1994). Possibly out of range.
Yellow Foxtail Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv. [= Setaria lutescens (Wiegel) F.T. Hubb] Poaceae Europe     X   X  
Yellow Nutsedge Cyperus esculentus L. Cyperaceae Native     X   X  
Yellow Rocket Barbarea vulgaris R. Br. Brassicaceae Eurasia     X   X  
Yellow Star-grass Hypoxis hirsuta (L.) Coville Liliaceae Native     X   X  
Yellow Sweet Clover Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pallas. Fabaceae Eurasia     X   X  
Yellow Wood Sorrel Oxalis stricta L. [= O. europaea] Oxalidaceae Native     X   X  
Yerbo-de-Tajo Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. Asteraceae Native     X   X  

TOTAL: 339 species
Alien Species: 61 (18%)

              
                   
  BRYOPHYTES                
  Mosses                
  Amblystegium varium (Hedw.) Lindb. Amblystegiaceae           X  
  Drepanocladus aduncus (Hedw.) Warnst. Amblystegiaceae           X  
  Aulacomnium palustre (Hedw.) Schwaegr. Aulacomniaceae           X  
  Brachythecium oxycladon (Brid.) Jaeg. Brachytheciaceae           X  
  Bruchia flexuosa (Sw. ex Schwaegr.) C. Muell. [= B. sullivantii] Bruchiaceae           X  
  Climacium kindbergii (Re. & Card.) Grout Climaciaceae           X  
  Physcomitrium pyriforme (Hedw.) Hampe Funariaceae           X  
  Plagiomnium cuspidatum (Hedw.) T. Kop. [= Mnium cuspidatum] Mniaceae           X  
 

Total: 8 species

              

Last Updated: 04/08/2002

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